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Turkey’s Progression Into The Future Of The Defense.

Turkey is highly active in creating new systems, including high-tech equipment, using domestic resources, Turkey’s defence and aerospace exports are likely to top $4 billion by the end of the year 2022. Turkey is not only exporting these technologies, but it is also educating allies in how to use them. Turkey aims to train partner commanders and troops because it will have enough clout in the future to not only integrate those forces into its defence sector but also to strengthen its political influence in critical ally nations. 

While Turkey continues to rely largely on foreign sources for a large portion of its military hardware and technology. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated that Turkey intends to abolish its military industry’s reliance on foreign suppliers by 2023, the centennial of the Turkish republic’s founding. The private defence industry in Turkey, the likes of FNSS, Otokar, BMC, and Nurol Makina specialise in 4×4, 6×6, and 8×8 armoured platforms, tracked infantry combat vehicles, and main battle tanks and weapon systems in Turkey’s defence sector. These systems are sold to a broad range of consumers across the world, in addition to its National Security Forces. The most notable product samples of the Turkish Defense Industry competing in worldwide markets are 8×8 PARS, 6×6 PARS, 6X6 ARMA; 4×4 COBRA, EJDER YALCIN, VURAN; ALTAY MBT and KAPLAN Medium Tanks.

On the contrary, there is an increased usage of drones for duties ranging from intelligence collection and surveillance to border control, as well as their adaptability in counterterrorism and military operations. This tendency is amplified by the effective integration of advances in data management and artificial intelligence with drone technology, which has been dubbed a “renaissance” in the industry. Turkey has its sights set on this industry and is attempting to remain ahead of the competition by releasing new-generation drones with increased capabilities that make use of these advancements. The diverse range of drones created by Turkish firms has become the face of Turkey’s burgeoning national military sector. The Turkish arms exports market, which had previously been dominated by small arms and armoured personnel carriers, has now expanded to encompass drones, missiles, frigates, and other high-end military systems, with submarine sales on the cards. Turkish companies’ varied variety of drones has become the face of Turkey’s developing national defence business. The Turkish weapons export business, which was formerly dominated by small arms and armoured personnel carriers, has now grown to include drones, missiles, frigates, and other high-end military equipment, with submarine sales on the horizon.

Turkey’s military industry has made significant strides in developing USV capabilities. The first project, ULAQ, is presently in mass production after passing all testing and being sea-tested. The ULAQ was offered to NATO nations last month by a joint venture of ARES Shipyard and Meteksan Defence, and it is seen as a formidable contender to dominate this area. The NB57 ASW and RD09 ASuW USVs are other projects unveiled by Turkey’s premier military firm Aselsan in July 2021. This summer, Aselsan’s project partner, Sefine Shipyard, cut the first steel for the boats. Apart from these projects, Aselsan debuted its “Albatros-S” USV Swarm idea during the IDEF-2021 military expo in Istanbul in August 2021. While Albatros-S is a research and development project, it is also compatible with other USV initiatives and Albatros-S unmanned surface boats. The fourth proposal came from Dearsan Shipyard, which on December 23 announced a new family of armed unmanned surface boats (USVs), the USV 15, on its social media sites.

Meteksan Defence Industry Inc., a Turkish defence corporation, has been working with NAZAR, a new ground-based laser system. The NAZAR, one of Turkey’s most intriguing defence concepts. The land-based NAZAR System was exhibited for the first time at the Meteksan Defence booth at the IDEF 2021 Exhibition, having been developed within the scope of the 1st Phase of NAZAR Project signed between the Presidency of Defence Industries of the Republic of Turkey and Meteksan Defence in recent years. To safeguard vital bases and infrastructure, the land-based NAZAR System delivers broadband state-of-the-art laser soft-kill capabilities against EO/IR guided missiles. With its laser soft-kill capacity, the NAZAR Project, which features a technology that only a few nations in the world are working on, is seen as a strategically important project for Turkey. The system has been designed to detect EO and IR-guided missiles and to employ laser blinding and soft-kill tactics against missiles with this capability. As a result, EO/IR guided missiles will be able to be neutralised from a long distance.

NAZAR has been designed to be effective not just against known EO/IR guided missiles, but also to include reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities that will give it an edge against asymmetric threats due to its broadband operating capacity. To improve overall efficiency, the system will be able to function in conjunction with other sensors and systems.

Conclusion:

Turkey’s attempts to modernise and strengthen its national defence infrastructure have yielded very effective achievements in a number of crucial sectors. To address the needs of the Turkish Armed Forces using local sources, key defence industrial organisations have been developed, each of which fills a significant gap in their area of operation. Nonetheless, Turkey’s drones and armoured vehicles appear to have the proper mix of pricing, capability, and reputation to pique the interest of forces across the world. While the prowess and acceleration in technology and equipment innovation will not only build a strong military sector, it will also place Turkey’s defence industry among the leading exporters, further cementing Turkey’s worldwide status as a producer of high-quality, inexpensive specialised weaponry.

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The Race to Conquer: New Technology Revolutionizing Wars

People have witnessed conflicts as a result of the race for power. These battles have shown a persistent underlying need to remain on top while absolving oneself of all responsibility for the collateral damage that results. 

World War I, was the first modern mechanised industrial war, in which material resources and manufacturing capabilities were just as important as military competence. Machine guns, tanks, motorised transport vehicles, high explosives, chemical weapons, aeroplanes, field radios and telephones, aerial reconnaissance cameras, and quickly improving medical technology and research were only a few of the sectors that transformed twentieth-century combat. The new military technology was chronicled as completely as any other part of the conflict by the AEF painters. The first large-scale use of aerial warfare occurred during World War I. Killing from afar became more effective with the development of sea and aerial weaponry. Ship-mounted guns could fire at targets up to twenty miles inland. German submarines’ stealth and speed provided them a significant edge in their control of the North Sea. 

During World War II, both sides, the axis and the allies worked tirelessly to develop increasingly complicated and lethal weaponry. Throughout the war, nations developed more sophisticated aircraft, culminating in the Messerschmitt Me262, the world’s first jet fighter. On the ground, extremely powerful tanks like the Panther and T-34 ruled the battlefield, while at sea, technologies like sonar helped remove the danger of U-boats, and aircraft carriers ruled the waters. Perhaps most importantly, with the Little Boy bomb launched on Hiroshima, the United States became the first country to produce nuclear weapons.

The demands on a nation’s resources are immense during wartime. From supplies to military people, these resources are all available. Fighting a war is costly and thus imposes a cost on the population of a country. People left behind must labour even harder to protect the nation’s infrastructure from collapse while warriors march off to combat. War, on the other hand, may have a positive impact on technical progress. In general, conflicts build up a tendency to speed up technical progress in order to adapt instruments to meet specific military requirements.                                                                                 

With the world watching as nations demonstrate advanced warfighting capabilities, military drone use will grow significantly, led by the widespread adoption of surveillance and attack UAVs across the world. The expanding size and capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be a force multiplier for naval operations in the near future, thanks to increased investment in procurement, research, and development. As AI technology improves, these UAVs will be able to carry out increasingly complex missions. The most appealing feature of a UAV is that it is unmanned. When a person is added to a machine, it loses its design and operating flexibility. Furthermore, unmanned systems are best suited to long-duration missions involving strongly defended targets, which are more dangerous for manned operations.

Countries with limited defence budgets can improve their airpower by investing more in drones rather than expensive human combat aircraft. As technology advances, low-cost drones will take to the sky and the oceans. Small and medium combat UAVs offer a cost-effective boost to the country’s air capabilities on the tactical front line with little escalation when deployed in large numbers.

World Outlook:               

For over two decades, the United States has used armed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Since 1995, the American Predator drone has been in service and assisted in recognising and marking Osama bin Laden’s presence in Afghanistan in 2000. The incident had accelerated the development of weapons-carrying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The MQ-9 Reaper, produced by General Atomics, is America’s primary combat drone, which the Air Force has employed to assist missions around the world for over a decade.

Israel is the world’s leading supplier of drones. Harpy drones were sold to China for $55 million in 1994 by Israel. Israel since then has delivered UAVs worth $4.6 billion to Europe, Asia, and the United States since then. Israel exports drones to 56 countries. The IAI Heron, on the other hand, is meant to compete with the Reaper. According to a database developed by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Israel accounted for 41% of all drones exported between 2001 and 2011.                                        

Indian Outlook:

India has been making significant progress into the procurement and development of UAVs. The nation has recently procured 50 Heron unmanned aerial vehicles from Israel. India is also looking at US-made MQ-9 Reaper drones. The indigenous Rustom II, a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) combat drone created by DRDO, is in development. Rustom II may carry a variety of payloads, such as made gap radar, electronic insight frameworks, and situational mindfulness frameworks. The UAV is similar to the American Predator UAV and has a 24-hour autonomy. The UAV may carry a variety of payloads, including synthetic aperture radar, electronic intelligence systems, and situational awareness payloads, among otachers. Due to the creation and testing of domestic drones, India is the leading customer of drones.                             

Conclusion:

Proliferation threats via the international weapons market are increasing, as is the potential that more nations may deploy drones for military reasons at home and in neighbouring countries, as countries as different as Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Russia, and China engage in their own military drone programmes. Drone use on the ground and/or against a suspected hostile neighbour raises the possibility of reprisal and additional military escalation, albeit not necessarily to full-scale war. However, the proliferation of drones is only a step away from an anticipated drone arms race, which has already been hinted at by recent breakthroughs in anti-drone defence systems as well as stealth drones.

Drones will increasingly be perceived as serving national and international security goals better than expeditionary campaigns as drone technology progresses and proliferates. However, the temptation for more countries to employ drones more frequently will not necessarily make the globe a safer or less violent place.

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